Very low the nonbuilt land tax has no effect

First law of the economy, what is rare is expensive. The logic would therefore, to lower the price of the land to build that private and public owners are encouraged to sell. But the law says the opposite: degressive until his disappearance after fifteen years, the tax on the gain makes patient. Very low, the non-built land tax has no effect. Owners expect that cities expand, absorb their plots devoted to habitation. Most are sitting on a pile of gold and know, they set up the auction.

Competition on the land charges, calmed down by the crisis, resumed as early as 2009 and fact rage. In Ile-de-France, the prices offered by some developers may exceed more than 30 the value proposed by their colleagues. Outside the area of development and land susceptible to collective housing, the scale is very broad, according to the developers of Ile-de-France (CDIF) club. More than 2,000 euros per square metre in Paris (2,300 euros for a recent operation in the 18earrondissement won by Cogedim who sells its housing to 11,000 euros per square metre), just under in the Commons the most popular of the first Crown, almost nothing when the market is absent. "A developer who pays 1,000 can hardly sell its housing less than 5,000 euros per square metre, explains one of them." The land is rare, plus its share in the total cost is important. You must then add all the fixed costs. "A few communes imposed a price ceiling and choose developers on the project, most sell to the highest bidder.

Minimum density

In thirty years, despite the creation of new land public facilities (EPF) supposed to "cool the market where it heats up too much, prepare it there where there is not," explains Gilles Bouvelot, Director General of the principal of Ile-de-France, the situation has hardly changed. The Government therefore reflects on an inversion of the plan of the capital gain on the bare land. The rate increase with the length of detention of the property, and not the other way around as is the case today. Another idea: make compulsory tax created by the Act of national commitment to housing of July 2006, payable by the owners of agricultural land become construction. To be implemented in the current state of the texts, this tax must be voted by the City Council and 190 Commons only apply it. The new regime should make mandatory measurement and pass the minimum cost of 0.50 to 1 euro per square metre. Another threat, this time pointing to developers: a tax on minimum density. "Now, they must pay if they exceed the permitted land use coefficient, except when they build social housing." "In the future, the tax affects those who would build not dense enough or high enough", says Pascale Poirot, President of the national Union of planners-developers who participates in several working groups on the reform of the taxation of urbanism.

Multiplication of the risks

The mobilization of public brownfield is also the order of the day. And for many years. "But the State is schizophrenic, find a sponsor." He wants to supply both the market and public funds, municipalities faced the same insoluble equation. Public players are not the last to bid up prices. "Even if they were best, their action would not suffice: barely 10 of the France dwellings are built on land controlled by municipalities or development corporations. Everything is therefore by mutual agreement, without any control. "In the most tense areas, this is not the case." We discuss with cities, land public institutions, and large landowners. "All the usable lands are identified, but must cross a series of obstacles for disposal" note Véronique Guillemin, President of the CDIF: classical technical risk addition to the cost of remediation of brownfield sites and administrative risk, most of the projects being delayed by litigation actions from residents or associations of more or less good faith. The simplification of this obstacle course is also topical. "It is no dream, tempers Gilles Bouvelot. This market is not perfect and the increase of the offer will not necessarily produce the collapse of prices: it all depends on where are the land. Developers tend to rush all and at the same time on the less risky. "According to him, the reserves would be sufficient to produce, for two years at least, the land necessary for the 70,000 interntional housing called his greeting by the head of State. But the production apparatus would not follow.